Much like humans, dogs have an endocannabinoid system (ECS)—a complex signaling network found throughout the body. The ECS plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis, or the body’s internal balance, and helps regulate a variety of physiological processes.
CBD interacts with the ECS and other signaling systems in complex ways. Rather than simply activating cannabinoid receptors, CBD can influence the activity of receptors, enzymes, and other molecular pathways involved in how the body responds to things like discomfort, inflammation, and stress.
The ECS includes naturally produced compounds called endocannabinoids, the enzymes that make and break them down, and receptors such as CB1 and CB2. In dogs, cannabinoid receptors have been identified throughout the brain and nervous system as well as in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, immune system, and joints.
Through these signaling pathways, the ECS is involved in regulating important functions including:- Pain and discomfort signaling
- Inflammatory and immune responses
- Mood and stress responses
- Appetite and digestion
- Neurological function
- Sleep and wakefulness
- Metabolism
- Bone growth and remodeling
